Security is considered to be an important factor in maintaining money. A successful bank is that which is able to plan and formulate its policies in a way that ensures and develops them in an incremental way. So, the issue of "Financial Security Policy" is considered one that deserves consideration and research. The study highlighted the Palestinian banks, and the Islamic ones in particular, which are all operating under the Israeli occupation. This is to form an introduction so as to show the difficulties and obstacles, on the one hand, and to show the importance of the study, with regard to the financial security policy of the Islamic banks, on the other . With reference to the core discussion, the study introduced the concept of "Financial Security" as a new concept derived by the researcher from various concepts such as "Economic Security", "Food Security". Then the study discussed the term "Policy" and traced its legislative roots, the concept of "Security", and the reciprocal relationship between both concepts. The study also showed the importance of Policy in realizing security, and the jurists' views on "Legislative Policy". The study focused on three main factors as the basis for any successful policy to realize security. These are: the "Human Capital", or what is called the "Human Resource" which includes "Employees and the Members of Legislative Supervision". The second factor is "Capital", especially that which is related to guarantee "al-9aman", "Liquidity" and procedures of improving it, taking into consideration the current situation in Palestine, and the possibility of applying the suggestions. The third factor is "Investment" which focuses on two models: the first is "joint-stock companies" and the second is "hire purchase" according to a suggested formula different from the traditional one. The study showed the importance of each issue in realizing Financial Security and the actual situation of the Islamic Banks connected to it. The study provided recommendations that might support, or help the Islamic banks in their policies to realize security, such as proper training of the employees and use of proper criteria in choosing supervisory board members, in addition of developing a good system of guaranteeing capital, benefit (al-rib}:i), and liquidity. The study also concluded that there is a need for proper mechanism to develop the investment instruments and promotion policies. The methodology used in this study is descriptive, analytical and comparative, which is necessary in this type of research.

The significant growth of Baitul Mal wat Tamwil institutions (BMTIs), a renowned Indonesian Islamic microfinance institution, has planted a prominent position in the industry, albeit their accountability has been questioned. Thus, this study analysed three objectives concerning the BMTIs’ accountability issue by investigating their current financial reporting practices, as higher disclosure increases their prospects. Notably, this study is among the few studies on the accountability of BMTIs in Indonesia and internationally. The empirical data were obtained from 206 annual reports of BMTIs throughout 2012-2017, used to examine the disclosure score derived from the disclosure index, developed according to the current accounting regulations. The findings showed the extent and quality of BMTIs obtained through annual report data, in which the mean score for the extent of disclosure was at the medium level (49.56 per cent), while the quality of disclosure was at a lower level (31.81 per cent). Based on the four dimensions of annual reports, the social disclosure scored higher than the financial disclosure, while the extent of Shariah compliance disclosure exhibited the lowest score (37.6 per cent). Second, since BMTIs have different capacities, this study examined the differences in the extent and quality of financial and non-financial disclosures between micro, small, and medium BMTIs. The findings showed differences in the extent and quality of financial and non-financial disclosure between micro, small, and medium BMTIs. The third objective aimed to fill the research gap in Islamic social capital (ISC) applied to BMTI. The types of ISC information are considered essential to disclose in BMTIs’ annual reports. Ultimately, this crucial information provides empirical evidence for the stakeholders. Subsequently, questionnaires were sent to 117 participants to explore the stakeholders’ perceptions of the importance of disclosing Islamic social capital information in the annual reports of BMTIs. The result was then used for factor analysis, examining 36 proposed ISC information disclosed in the annual reports. Furthermore, the study highlighted that it is presumptively critical to disclose ISC information in the annual reports, which are valued drivers of BMTIs’ success. Most respondents perceived ISC components and the crucial information as essential in increasing its accountability level towards the community. Interviews further strengthened the data to complement the view on the importance of ISC information in annual reports of BMTIs, which its stakeholders agreed. BMTIs should be accountable for Shariah compliance and consider halal, haram, Toyyib, and religious activities as part of the belief system of the members and communities. Furthermore, BMTIs should provide significant attention to ISC to potentially strengthen the institution’s capacity and increase transparency by disclosing ISC information. Ultimately, this idea can enhance the members' and non-members' contribution to BMTIs. This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of social capital disclosure in BMTI annual reports. Overall, the findings contribute towards strengthening BMTIs for better accountability and sustainability of BMTIs in Indonesia.

Introduction: In Malaysia, universities serve as centers where young individuals pursue academic success, yet often grapple with mental health issues, seeking solace in music. Notably, older students (aged 20 and above) exhibit notably higher depression and anxiety scores. Considering the permissible stance on music therapy in Islamic law, as endorsed by Imam Syafi’e, and supported by renowned scholars such as Al-Razi, Farabi, and Ibn Sina, its alignment with Islamic values warrants its evidenced-based intervention. Its potential applicability in educational and clinical settings will benefit people in emotional distress due to academic burden or medical treatment, underscores its relevance for spiritual and mental health approaches. Research objective: To examine the level of psychological well-being of students in a public university before, immediately after the music therapy, and one-month intervals after the daily Islamic music therapy. Methodology and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental repeated measures study involving a single group of 46 undergraduate students in IIUM screened for psychological distress, who participated in daily listening sessions of Islamic music intervention for six weeks. Each listening session lasted 15 minutes, and participants were required to adhere to the study protocol and record their activities in an assigned logbook for monitoring purposes. The levels of psychological well-being were assessed before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and one month after the intervention using the DASS-21 questionnaire. One- way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results: The total DASS-21 score, as well as its categories of depression, anxiety, and stress, significantly decreased after the intervention and remained reduced during the one-month follow-up period without intervention (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the reduction of the total DASS-21 score and its categories between the post- intervention and one-month follow-up periods (p>0.05). Nevertheless, participants did not experience an increase in psychological distress during the one-month follow-up period despite not listening to Islamic music intervention. Discussion and conclusion: The effects of Islamic music on psychological distress, as observed in this study, were discussed alongside the CODAModel to deepen understanding of its role in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression among participants. The familiarity gained from daily listening to Islamic music over six weeks contributed significantly to coping potential and relaxation promotion. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on the benefits of culturally specific interventions, particularly for the young population in Malaysia and other Muslim-majority countries. Nurses interested in mental health and alternative therapies can utilize Islamic music listening as a spiritually and culturally sensitive intervention to enhance patients’ psychological well-being in hospital settings. Keywords: Islamic music, psychological well-being, depression, anxiety, stress

This study investigates the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and self-efficacy among Kulliyyah of Human Sciences IIUM undergraduate students. It also attempts to identify the common self-regulated learning strategies that students use during their study and identify the level of self-efficacy. Lastly, it also investigates if there is a re1ationship between self-regulated ]earning strategies and self-efficacy with the variables of gender, CGPA and major. The study utilizes two questionnaires. The first measures self-regulated learning strategies and the second questionnaire measures students' level of self-efficacy. A stratified random sampling was used to se1ect 293 undergraduate students from the Ku1liyyah of Human Sciences. Descriptive statistics, correlational ana1ysis and cross tabulation are used to analyze the data. Findings provide evidence that respondents frequently use some strategies like "keeping records and monitoring", "reviewing texts, notes and test" in their study with the majority of the students being at the moderate ]eve] of self-efficacy. The study also shows that there is a significant relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and self-efficacy. As for gender and CGPA they did not correlate significantly with self-regulated learning strategies, while major has significant relationship with self-regulated learning strategies. Finally, there is no significant relationship between self-efficacy and variables of gender and CGP A. In contrast, the ]eve] of self-efficacy has a significant relationship with majors.

Telecommunications remain one of the most strategic economic sectors that assume prominence in the current discourses on growth and integration of national economies and transnational production. An effective telecommunications system enables countries to achieve impressive socio-economic gains. However, the Nigerian telecommunications system under state monopoly has been characterized as grossly inefficient and financially a burden on the government, among others. The government has placed a conscious strategy towards regulatory reforms in the sector. The reforms emphasize on market opening by allowing entry of private and transnational operators into the country's telecommunications market, which will eventually lead to a transformation within the industry. This study attempts to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the transformation in Nigeria's telecommunications industry, with emphasis on the impact towards economic growth. The privatization policy in this sector that resulted in the emergence of private and transnational firms, led to telephone services being more easily accessible, cost effective and competitive amongst the operators. The central argument of this study is that a significant correlation exists between market competition and growth, showing Nigerian telecommunications has been positively affected by the new deregulation policy. The positive impact of deregulations was proven by the growth rate of the selected indicators that were arranged into two broad dimensions: economic and technological dimensions. The economic dimension focuses on some economic variables, namely the sector's investment growth rate and revenue percentage compared to GDP, while the technological dimension gives emphasis towards technological and ICT related indicators, to be precise, advanced telecommunications infrastructure and the emergence of new telecommunication services.

This dissertation presents a comprehensive study of the issue of talfiq (concoction) in Islamic banking contracts. Many people believe that Islamic banking is merely a replication of conventional banking and does not meet the spirit (maqasid) of shariah due to the similarities between Islamic finance products and conventional usurious products in their economic effects. The study is divided into five chapters, with the first chapter introducing the problem and the structure of the dissertation .The second chapter delves into the concepts of ijtihad, taq?ld, and ift??, clarifying the terms and conditions related to each concept. The third chapter provides a detailed explanation of the concept of talfiq and its types, as well as the difference between talfiq and other related terms in Islamic jurisprudence .The forth chapter discusses the emergence of Islamic banking and whether adopting an approach of h?lah in forming Islamic financial contracts is acceptable. It also explains why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional banking and the economic consequences of such imitation .The fifth chapter provides a critical analysis of the main Islamic financial contracts, including mur?baha, ig?rah muntahia bi’taml?k, and mush?rakah mutan?qisah. The study has adopted an inductive approach in gathering the related information. It also applied an analytic method to discuss the arguments and deduce its results. The study concludes that the main reason why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional ones is the banking system, where finance is connected with money creation. Therefore, adopting a different system that separates money creation from finance is necessary to provide authentic halal products.

The development of sports within the Malaysian sporting arena must be sustained in order to promote further growth and to achieve world-class status. In order to sustain the development in sports, there are various aspects that need to be taken into consideration besides introducing various mechanisms to improve the quality of performance of the athletes. At present the principal concern among the sporting community is that there are insufficient legal provisions providing for the protection of the rights of sportsperson. The Sports Development Act 1997 (Act 576) (referred as "SDA 1997") was passed in order to promote and facilitate the development and administration of sports in Malaysia. Development of sporting activities is dependant very much on the sportspersons themselves and if the welfare of the sportspersons is not taken care of, it may stultify development of sports in Malaysia. Thus, this dissertation seek to examine the problems faced by the sportspersons and to propose the necessary changes to improve the existing system in order to deliver better protection for the sporting community. The aims and objectives of this dissertation are to improve the existing legal measures promoting the protection of a sportspersons rights. Chapter one deals with the historical development of sports in Malaysia. Chapter two examines the contractual rights of a sportsperson and the shortcomings of the Malaysian system in providing the necessary protection for a sportsperson. Chapter three examines the extent of the tortious liability of a sports organisation in the event a sportsperson suffers injury in the course of representing the organisation in sporting events. Chapter Four examines the criminal liability of a sportsperson. Chapter Five examines the rights of a sportsperson guaranteed in the Federal Constitution. And chapter 6 is the concluding chapter where proposals for reforming the existing legislative measures are made.