Introduction: In Malaysia, universities serve as centers where young individuals pursue academic success, yet often grapple with mental health issues, seeking solace in music. Notably, older students (aged 20 and above) exhibit notably higher depression and anxiety scores. Considering the permissible stance on music therapy in Islamic law, as endorsed by Imam Syafi’e, and supported by renowned scholars such as Al-Razi, Farabi, and Ibn Sina, its alignment with Islamic values warrants its evidenced-based intervention. Its potential applicability in educational and clinical settings will benefit people in emotional distress due to academic burden or medical treatment, underscores its relevance for spiritual and mental health approaches. Research objective: To examine the level of psychological well-being of students in a public university before, immediately after the music therapy, and one-month intervals after the daily Islamic music therapy. Methodology and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental repeated measures study involving a single group of 46 undergraduate students in IIUM screened for psychological distress, who participated in daily listening sessions of Islamic music intervention for six weeks. Each listening session lasted 15 minutes, and participants were required to adhere to the study protocol and record their activities in an assigned logbook for monitoring purposes. The levels of psychological well-being were assessed before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and one month after the intervention using the DASS-21 questionnaire. One- way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results: The total DASS-21 score, as well as its categories of depression, anxiety, and stress, significantly decreased after the intervention and remained reduced during the one-month follow-up period without intervention (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the reduction of the total DASS-21 score and its categories between the post- intervention and one-month follow-up periods (p>0.05). Nevertheless, participants did not experience an increase in psychological distress during the one-month follow-up period despite not listening to Islamic music intervention. Discussion and conclusion: The effects of Islamic music on psychological distress, as observed in this study, were discussed alongside the CODAModel to deepen understanding of its role in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression among participants. The familiarity gained from daily listening to Islamic music over six weeks contributed significantly to coping potential and relaxation promotion. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on the benefits of culturally specific interventions, particularly for the young population in Malaysia and other Muslim-majority countries. Nurses interested in mental health and alternative therapies can utilize Islamic music listening as a spiritually and culturally sensitive intervention to enhance patients’ psychological well-being in hospital settings. Keywords: Islamic music, psychological well-being, depression, anxiety, stress

Ammonia is poisonous and harmful to environment. Ammonia is the most common pollutant in water streams and most of them come from agricultural, industrial, and domestic wastewater. The biggest problem for current method in ammonia monitoring detection is too much time taken to examine the water quality and the process is complicated. This is because the machine is not portable and the examination cannot be done at the measurement site. In addition, the effect of different concentration of ammonia and the distance of UV needs to be analyze to improve the measurement of output voltage to its optimum. The objectives of this study are to develop a portable PEC-based UV-assisted ammonia monitoring system using the TiO2-based sensor and analyze the data using fuzzy logic approach. This can help to shorten the time of examination of the water quality, portable to everywhere and can give more precise estimation of ammonia concentration. The basic item of this experimental setup are ammonium samples, ultraviolet (UV) light, TiO2-based sensor in photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) structure, microcontroller interfacing system and fuzzy logic system. We executed an experiment that measure the voltage generated with digital multimeter and our ammonia detection system using Arduino and make sure the error of voltage differences between them is low to make sure the output is accurate. Then, we varied the ammonia concentration and the distance of UV light from TiO2-based sensor to measure the output voltage. The measured data was analyzed using fuzzy logic approach to estimate the output voltage. Lastly, the fuzzy logic method is also used in reverse the calculation to predict the ammonia concentration based on the output voltage and UV distance. UV assisted TiO2-based ammonia sensor in PEC structure was successfully fabricated and developed into a portable device for measuring the voltage at different ammonia concentrations. The fuzzy logic approach for estimating the output voltage was successfully designed. As for the conclusion, analysis of ammonium concentration using TiO2-based sensor system and fuzzy logic approach can be used to advance the ammonia monitoring and estimate the output in shorter time.

The global rise of modest fashion is a great opportunity to increase the revenue of halal industry in Malaysia. Most studies on the halal industry focus on halal food while there are hardly any studies on modest fashion. Non-Muslims make up 11 million of the country's population. Moreover, the demand for modest fashion is increasing among non-Muslims. For this reason, there is a need to cater to the non-Muslim consumer market segment in Malaysia as marketers should not ignore the potential purchasing power of non–Muslims. The purpose of this study is to investigate the purchasing intentions of female non-Muslim consumers for modest fashion products. Using a quantitative method, this study investigates 302 Malaysian non-Muslim women through convenience sampling. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed through social media and as well as offline interception. Descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. This study attempts to answer the questions on the influence of product price, product quality, fashion uniqueness and cultural adaptation on female non-Muslim consumers of modest fashion products in Malaysia. The results show that product price, product quality, fashion uniqueness and cultural adaptation have a positive relationship with the purchase intentions of female non-Muslim consumers for modest fashion products in Malaysia. This research benefits the government, fashion industry workers and the researcher by improving the Islamic economy and halal industry revenue, helping fashion designers and marketers to improve their marketing strategies to non-Muslim consumers, and increasing knowledge and research on modest fashion products in Malaysia. Keywords: cultural adaptations, fashion uniqueness, modest fashion, non-Muslim consumers, product price, product quality

Malaysia's rapid urbanization has led to a significant increase in urban poverty, particularly affecting the B40 community, with approximately 56% residing in urban areas. Children and adolescents from low-income households within the B40 community are especially vulnerable to the detrimental effects of undernutrition and illness. Despite their vulnerability, this demographic has been relatively understudied in terms of cognitive performance and health status, as they are often perceived as less susceptible to malnutrition or poor health. Consequently, this study aims to address this gap by conducting primary data collection and implementing a pilot food intervention program targeting children and adolescents from the B40 community in selected schools across Selangor, Malaysia. The primary objective is to examine the relationship between nutrition intake and the health and cognitive performance of children and adolescents within the B40 community through comprehensive data cataloguing. Additionally, the study evaluates the efficacy of a health bar intervention in improving both health and cognitive performances among participants. The first phase of the study involved the development of several health bar formulations, assessing their nutritional composition. The health bar with the most optimal nutrient content was selected for mass production and used in the pilot intervention study. Participants aged between 13 to 16 years were recruited from two boarding schools in Selangor, and the intervention was conducted over a two-month period, during which participants' health and cognitive performance were assessed. Results indicated that the health bars exhibited favourable nutritional attributes, containing 1.38 g to 3.47 g of fibre, 5742.31 mg to 6797.84 mg linoleic acid, 1166 mg to 1152 mg magnesium, and 0.43 mg to 0.80 mg vitamin E. Moreover, the study identified several factors influencing cognitive performance and health status among children and adolescents from B40 households, including their environment, parental support, and internal motivation. Statistical analyses such as one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in dimensions of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) and Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) scores between participants who underwent the health bar intervention. These findings underscore the positive impact of the health bar intervention on both health and cognitive performances. Overall, the study has important implications for health and education officials and policymakers in addressing the rising incidence of health and nutrition-related issues among children and adolescents from the B40 community. By targeting the root causes of these problems and implementing targeted interventions, policymakers can better support the critical needs of urban poverty-stricken populations, contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1: No Poverty and 3: Good Health and Well-being.

This study investigates the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and self-efficacy among Kulliyyah of Human Sciences IIUM undergraduate students. It also attempts to identify the common self-regulated learning strategies that students use during their study and identify the level of self-efficacy. Lastly, it also investigates if there is a re1ationship between self-regulated ]earning strategies and self-efficacy with the variables of gender, CGPA and major. The study utilizes two questionnaires. The first measures self-regulated learning strategies and the second questionnaire measures students' level of self-efficacy. A stratified random sampling was used to se1ect 293 undergraduate students from the Ku1liyyah of Human Sciences. Descriptive statistics, correlational ana1ysis and cross tabulation are used to analyze the data. Findings provide evidence that respondents frequently use some strategies like "keeping records and monitoring", "reviewing texts, notes and test" in their study with the majority of the students being at the moderate ]eve] of self-efficacy. The study also shows that there is a significant relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and self-efficacy. As for gender and CGPA they did not correlate significantly with self-regulated learning strategies, while major has significant relationship with self-regulated learning strategies. Finally, there is no significant relationship between self-efficacy and variables of gender and CGP A. In contrast, the ]eve] of self-efficacy has a significant relationship with majors.

Telecommunications remain one of the most strategic economic sectors that assume prominence in the current discourses on growth and integration of national economies and transnational production. An effective telecommunications system enables countries to achieve impressive socio-economic gains. However, the Nigerian telecommunications system under state monopoly has been characterized as grossly inefficient and financially a burden on the government, among others. The government has placed a conscious strategy towards regulatory reforms in the sector. The reforms emphasize on market opening by allowing entry of private and transnational operators into the country's telecommunications market, which will eventually lead to a transformation within the industry. This study attempts to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the transformation in Nigeria's telecommunications industry, with emphasis on the impact towards economic growth. The privatization policy in this sector that resulted in the emergence of private and transnational firms, led to telephone services being more easily accessible, cost effective and competitive amongst the operators. The central argument of this study is that a significant correlation exists between market competition and growth, showing Nigerian telecommunications has been positively affected by the new deregulation policy. The positive impact of deregulations was proven by the growth rate of the selected indicators that were arranged into two broad dimensions: economic and technological dimensions. The economic dimension focuses on some economic variables, namely the sector's investment growth rate and revenue percentage compared to GDP, while the technological dimension gives emphasis towards technological and ICT related indicators, to be precise, advanced telecommunications infrastructure and the emergence of new telecommunication services.

This dissertation presents a comprehensive study of the issue of talfiq (concoction) in Islamic banking contracts. Many people believe that Islamic banking is merely a replication of conventional banking and does not meet the spirit (maqasid) of shariah due to the similarities between Islamic finance products and conventional usurious products in their economic effects. The study is divided into five chapters, with the first chapter introducing the problem and the structure of the dissertation .The second chapter delves into the concepts of ijtihad, taq?ld, and ift??, clarifying the terms and conditions related to each concept. The third chapter provides a detailed explanation of the concept of talfiq and its types, as well as the difference between talfiq and other related terms in Islamic jurisprudence .The forth chapter discusses the emergence of Islamic banking and whether adopting an approach of h?lah in forming Islamic financial contracts is acceptable. It also explains why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional banking and the economic consequences of such imitation .The fifth chapter provides a critical analysis of the main Islamic financial contracts, including mur?baha, ig?rah muntahia bi’taml?k, and mush?rakah mutan?qisah. The study has adopted an inductive approach in gathering the related information. It also applied an analytic method to discuss the arguments and deduce its results. The study concludes that the main reason why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional ones is the banking system, where finance is connected with money creation. Therefore, adopting a different system that separates money creation from finance is necessary to provide authentic halal products.

The development of sports within the Malaysian sporting arena must be sustained in order to promote further growth and to achieve world-class status. In order to sustain the development in sports, there are various aspects that need to be taken into consideration besides introducing various mechanisms to improve the quality of performance of the athletes. At present the principal concern among the sporting community is that there are insufficient legal provisions providing for the protection of the rights of sportsperson. The Sports Development Act 1997 (Act 576) (referred as "SDA 1997") was passed in order to promote and facilitate the development and administration of sports in Malaysia. Development of sporting activities is dependant very much on the sportspersons themselves and if the welfare of the sportspersons is not taken care of, it may stultify development of sports in Malaysia. Thus, this dissertation seek to examine the problems faced by the sportspersons and to propose the necessary changes to improve the existing system in order to deliver better protection for the sporting community. The aims and objectives of this dissertation are to improve the existing legal measures promoting the protection of a sportspersons rights. Chapter one deals with the historical development of sports in Malaysia. Chapter two examines the contractual rights of a sportsperson and the shortcomings of the Malaysian system in providing the necessary protection for a sportsperson. Chapter three examines the extent of the tortious liability of a sports organisation in the event a sportsperson suffers injury in the course of representing the organisation in sporting events. Chapter Four examines the criminal liability of a sportsperson. Chapter Five examines the rights of a sportsperson guaranteed in the Federal Constitution. And chapter 6 is the concluding chapter where proposals for reforming the existing legislative measures are made.