The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of consumer behavior originating from the Islamic Paradigm, which trends to transcend the boundaries of the tradition solely from food-related Halal/Haram dichotomy. It encompasses the whole life of a Muslim consumer by injecting the concept of Halal/Haram into every walk of life. Although several western and Islamic models of consumer behavior (CB) currently exist, most of these theories are influenced by the western and capitalistic way of life. A comprehensive Islamic consumer behavior (ICB) theory strictly grounded in the Quranic verses and free from the actions of Muslims is absent in the literature. This situation requires addressing fundamental questions, such as why the existing theories are inappropriate for addressing Islamic thought and action. How much of the existing Islamic consumer behavior theories are rooted in the Quranic context? What behavioral traits does the Quranic text reveal for a Muslim regarding consumption in this world? Do the existing CB and ICB definitions and terminologies effectively explain the essence of what is desired by mankind in the Quran? Overall, this study attempts to capture the spirit of the ICB prescribed in the Quranic verses and specifically answers the questions raised about the unique ontological meanings of the ICB concepts, the relationships between these concepts, and how these concepts can be reflected in a research framework. Thus, the study has a two-fold objective. Firstly, to develop a theory based upon the Quranic revelations, to explain ICB concepts, and to determine the philosophy and interrelationships. Such a theory should be independent of any biases in the previous studies or the actions of the Muslim community. Secondly, to compare the emergent ICB theory with the existing CB theories to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities. Accordingly, the study collected and identified the Quranic literature using Grounded Theory and thematic content analysis to reveal the relevant concepts to propose an ICB theory. The proposed theory in the study links Insan (human) and Rizq (provisions/ goods) with Halal (permitted) consumption to succeed here and hereafter instead of pursuing western aspirations and methods for maximizing satisfaction. Notably, the theory identifies the path of Shukar (gratitude) and Sabar (patience) for Muslim consumers to accomplish Falah (success) eventually. The study advances the meanings and interrelationships of concepts such as Deen (Islamic way of life), Insan, Rizq, and Falah. Exploration and development of these concepts will educate consumers of the Muslim community to derive benefits in this world and the hereafter. The noviseness of the study is that it proposes a comprehensive framework of Islamic consumer behavior, which has been extracted from Quran and Hadith and collects together primary constructs previously found in scattered forms in several ICB literature. Key Words: Islamic consumer behavior (ICB), Insan, Rizq, Deen, Shukar, Sabar, Falah.

Usefulness of financial reporting comprises of relevance and faithful representation. The former is measured by value relevance and earnings persistence, whereas the latter is measured by earnings management (EM). Thus, this study’s objectives are to examine the value relevance and earnings persistence of FV model in comparison to HC model. Another objective of this research is to compare earnings management in companies that applied the FV and HC models. Finally, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic period on the value relevance and earnings persistence in these companies is addressed. This study investigates the usefulness of financial reporting specifically the fair value (FV) model for investment property (IP) in Malaysia. The usefulness of FV is evaluated in comparison to the Historical Cost (HC) model. This research employed Positive Accounting Theory and semi-strong form of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) to frame the hypotheses. In addition, the test of value relevance uses the Ohlson model. Secondary data were collected from 128 listed companies on Bursa Malaysia that held substantial amounts of IPs as their assets in the financial statement. The sample period of the study was 2018, 2019 and 2020. According to the regression results, overall findings indicate that financial reporting particularly the FV model for IP is useful. FV is more value relevant compared to the HC model. However, earnings are less value relevant in the FV model compared to the HC model. In the earnings persistence test, earnings were more persistent in the HC model in comparison to the FV model. Thus, both FV and HC models are useful under different measures of relevance. Moreover, this study has not found strong evidence to support that FV model is used for EM purposes, at least not in the case of IP listed companies in Malaysia. The FV and HC models' value relevance and earnings persistence are not significantly impacted by COVID-19. However, the value relevance of FV seem to decline and EM, measured by positive discretionary accruals, was higher in the year 2020 compared to the HC model. The findings of this study suggest that it is consistent with the EMH, at least the semi-strong form. Finally, the findings of this study could be of interest to companies with IPs, stakeholders, regulators and accounting researchers as the findings reveal that both models have their own advantages in terms of usefulness. Hence, it is suggested to regulators to consider dual measurements for financial statements to be truly useful.

This dissertation presents a comprehensive study of the issue of talfiq (concoction) in Islamic banking contracts. Many people believe that Islamic banking is merely a replication of conventional banking and does not meet the spirit (maqasid) of shariah due to the similarities between Islamic finance products and conventional usurious products in their economic effects. The study is divided into five chapters, with the first chapter introducing the problem and the structure of the dissertation .The second chapter delves into the concepts of ijtihad, taq?ld, and ift??, clarifying the terms and conditions related to each concept. The third chapter provides a detailed explanation of the concept of talfiq and its types, as well as the difference between talfiq and other related terms in Islamic jurisprudence .The forth chapter discusses the emergence of Islamic banking and whether adopting an approach of h?lah in forming Islamic financial contracts is acceptable. It also explains why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional banking and the economic consequences of such imitation .The fifth chapter provides a critical analysis of the main Islamic financial contracts, including mur?baha, ig?rah muntahia bi’taml?k, and mush?rakah mutan?qisah. The study has adopted an inductive approach in gathering the related information. It also applied an analytic method to discuss the arguments and deduce its results. The study concludes that the main reason why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional ones is the banking system, where finance is connected with money creation. Therefore, adopting a different system that separates money creation from finance is necessary to provide authentic halal products.

The development of sports within the Malaysian sporting arena must be sustained in order to promote further growth and to achieve world-class status. In order to sustain the development in sports, there are various aspects that need to be taken into consideration besides introducing various mechanisms to improve the quality of performance of the athletes. At present the principal concern among the sporting community is that there are insufficient legal provisions providing for the protection of the rights of sportsperson. The Sports Development Act 1997 (Act 576) (referred as "SDA 1997") was passed in order to promote and facilitate the development and administration of sports in Malaysia. Development of sporting activities is dependant very much on the sportspersons themselves and if the welfare of the sportspersons is not taken care of, it may stultify development of sports in Malaysia. Thus, this dissertation seek to examine the problems faced by the sportspersons and to propose the necessary changes to improve the existing system in order to deliver better protection for the sporting community. The aims and objectives of this dissertation are to improve the existing legal measures promoting the protection of a sportspersons rights. Chapter one deals with the historical development of sports in Malaysia. Chapter two examines the contractual rights of a sportsperson and the shortcomings of the Malaysian system in providing the necessary protection for a sportsperson. Chapter three examines the extent of the tortious liability of a sports organisation in the event a sportsperson suffers injury in the course of representing the organisation in sporting events. Chapter Four examines the criminal liability of a sportsperson. Chapter Five examines the rights of a sportsperson guaranteed in the Federal Constitution. And chapter 6 is the concluding chapter where proposals for reforming the existing legislative measures are made.