Security is considered to be an important factor in maintaining money. A successful bank is that which is able to plan and formulate its policies in a way that ensures and develops them in an incremental way. So, the issue of "Financial Security Policy" is considered one that deserves consideration and research. The study highlighted the Palestinian banks, and the Islamic ones in particular, which are all operating under the Israeli occupation. This is to form an introduction so as to show the difficulties and obstacles, on the one hand, and to show the importance of the study, with regard to the financial security policy of the Islamic banks, on the other . With reference to the core discussion, the study introduced the concept of "Financial Security" as a new concept derived by the researcher from various concepts such as "Economic Security", "Food Security". Then the study discussed the term "Policy" and traced its legislative roots, the concept of "Security", and the reciprocal relationship between both concepts. The study also showed the importance of Policy in realizing security, and the jurists' views on "Legislative Policy". The study focused on three main factors as the basis for any successful policy to realize security. These are: the "Human Capital", or what is called the "Human Resource" which includes "Employees and the Members of Legislative Supervision". The second factor is "Capital", especially that which is related to guarantee "al-9aman", "Liquidity" and procedures of improving it, taking into consideration the current situation in Palestine, and the possibility of applying the suggestions. The third factor is "Investment" which focuses on two models: the first is "joint-stock companies" and the second is "hire purchase" according to a suggested formula different from the traditional one. The study showed the importance of each issue in realizing Financial Security and the actual situation of the Islamic Banks connected to it. The study provided recommendations that might support, or help the Islamic banks in their policies to realize security, such as proper training of the employees and use of proper criteria in choosing supervisory board members, in addition of developing a good system of guaranteeing capital, benefit (al-rib}:i), and liquidity. The study also concluded that there is a need for proper mechanism to develop the investment instruments and promotion policies. The methodology used in this study is descriptive, analytical and comparative, which is necessary in this type of research.

This study investigates the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and self-efficacy among Kulliyyah of Human Sciences IIUM undergraduate students. It also attempts to identify the common self-regulated learning strategies that students use during their study and identify the level of self-efficacy. Lastly, it also investigates if there is a re1ationship between self-regulated ]earning strategies and self-efficacy with the variables of gender, CGPA and major. The study utilizes two questionnaires. The first measures self-regulated learning strategies and the second questionnaire measures students' level of self-efficacy. A stratified random sampling was used to se1ect 293 undergraduate students from the Ku1liyyah of Human Sciences. Descriptive statistics, correlational ana1ysis and cross tabulation are used to analyze the data. Findings provide evidence that respondents frequently use some strategies like "keeping records and monitoring", "reviewing texts, notes and test" in their study with the majority of the students being at the moderate ]eve] of self-efficacy. The study also shows that there is a significant relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and self-efficacy. As for gender and CGPA they did not correlate significantly with self-regulated learning strategies, while major has significant relationship with self-regulated learning strategies. Finally, there is no significant relationship between self-efficacy and variables of gender and CGP A. In contrast, the ]eve] of self-efficacy has a significant relationship with majors.

Telecommunications remain one of the most strategic economic sectors that assume prominence in the current discourses on growth and integration of national economies and transnational production. An effective telecommunications system enables countries to achieve impressive socio-economic gains. However, the Nigerian telecommunications system under state monopoly has been characterized as grossly inefficient and financially a burden on the government, among others. The government has placed a conscious strategy towards regulatory reforms in the sector. The reforms emphasize on market opening by allowing entry of private and transnational operators into the country's telecommunications market, which will eventually lead to a transformation within the industry. This study attempts to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the transformation in Nigeria's telecommunications industry, with emphasis on the impact towards economic growth. The privatization policy in this sector that resulted in the emergence of private and transnational firms, led to telephone services being more easily accessible, cost effective and competitive amongst the operators. The central argument of this study is that a significant correlation exists between market competition and growth, showing Nigerian telecommunications has been positively affected by the new deregulation policy. The positive impact of deregulations was proven by the growth rate of the selected indicators that were arranged into two broad dimensions: economic and technological dimensions. The economic dimension focuses on some economic variables, namely the sector's investment growth rate and revenue percentage compared to GDP, while the technological dimension gives emphasis towards technological and ICT related indicators, to be precise, advanced telecommunications infrastructure and the emergence of new telecommunication services.

This dissertation presents a comprehensive study of the issue of talfiq (concoction) in Islamic banking contracts. Many people believe that Islamic banking is merely a replication of conventional banking and does not meet the spirit (maqasid) of shariah due to the similarities between Islamic finance products and conventional usurious products in their economic effects. The study is divided into five chapters, with the first chapter introducing the problem and the structure of the dissertation .The second chapter delves into the concepts of ijtihad, taq?ld, and ift??, clarifying the terms and conditions related to each concept. The third chapter provides a detailed explanation of the concept of talfiq and its types, as well as the difference between talfiq and other related terms in Islamic jurisprudence .The forth chapter discusses the emergence of Islamic banking and whether adopting an approach of h?lah in forming Islamic financial contracts is acceptable. It also explains why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional banking and the economic consequences of such imitation .The fifth chapter provides a critical analysis of the main Islamic financial contracts, including mur?baha, ig?rah muntahia bi’taml?k, and mush?rakah mutan?qisah. The study has adopted an inductive approach in gathering the related information. It also applied an analytic method to discuss the arguments and deduce its results. The study concludes that the main reason why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional ones is the banking system, where finance is connected with money creation. Therefore, adopting a different system that separates money creation from finance is necessary to provide authentic halal products.