This case study is a detailed description of the experience of Sri Lankan migrant families in Bahrain and aims to explore their legal, economic, and social challenges after arriving in Bahrain and its impact on economic return and family well-being. These migrants’ living conditions show contrasting and negative experiences after arriving at their destinations. The qualitative research method was utilised by drawing descriptive analysis (thematic analysis technique) of compiling data through semi-structured interviews. Thirty in-depth interviews with Sri Lankan migrant families who stayed with their families in Bahrain for more than six months were conducted using a purposive sampling technique. Observation and two interviews with officials were also conducted. All migrants were living with their families at the destination during the interviews. Economic and political macro drivers were contributing factors and were out of migrants’ control. The problems that these potential migrants encountered in Sri Lanka were real and are predicted to persist in the future. The present study found that, since the pushing factors prevail more in the country of origin, the pulling factors become stronger during migration, which also persuades the use of coping mechanisms to accept the contrasting situation in the destination country. As per the obtained data, it was apparent that the arrival in Bahrain was challenging, and often, all the positive prospects for what they were pulled were non-existent. The findings have confirmed that the foremost goal of migration, earning through productive employment, has collapsed during their migration due to legal and economic challenges and social grievances. Furthermore, migration was the source of the changes in the family, including family structure and marriage choices. Lastly, the present study found that migration is about accepting challenges to achieve economic prospects, which is more particular to Middle Eastern countries. For migrants, coping mechanisms become an inevitable strength in their lives. They promptly use various coping mechanisms, regardless of their profession and economic status, to cope with legal, economic, and social challenges ahead of them. The present study explored the uncertain living conditions of migrant worker families in Bahrain, and it enriches the literature with a new sociological and empirical study that provides new evidence about the severe challenges migrants face. The study findings further stress the implementation of globally accepted guidelines, such as Sustainable Development Goals, to preserve migrants’ rights and ensure their migration goals are achieved.

This dissertation presents a comprehensive study of the issue of talfiq (concoction) in Islamic banking contracts. Many people believe that Islamic banking is merely a replication of conventional banking and does not meet the spirit (maqasid) of shariah due to the similarities between Islamic finance products and conventional usurious products in their economic effects. The study is divided into five chapters, with the first chapter introducing the problem and the structure of the dissertation .The second chapter delves into the concepts of ijtihad, taq?ld, and ift??, clarifying the terms and conditions related to each concept. The third chapter provides a detailed explanation of the concept of talfiq and its types, as well as the difference between talfiq and other related terms in Islamic jurisprudence .The forth chapter discusses the emergence of Islamic banking and whether adopting an approach of h?lah in forming Islamic financial contracts is acceptable. It also explains why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional banking and the economic consequences of such imitation .The fifth chapter provides a critical analysis of the main Islamic financial contracts, including mur?baha, ig?rah muntahia bi’taml?k, and mush?rakah mutan?qisah. The study has adopted an inductive approach in gathering the related information. It also applied an analytic method to discuss the arguments and deduce its results. The study concludes that the main reason why Islamic banks are forced to imitate conventional ones is the banking system, where finance is connected with money creation. Therefore, adopting a different system that separates money creation from finance is necessary to provide authentic halal products.

Increasing numbers of school-going Malay teens are engaging in premarital sex despite strong opposition of both the Malay culture and religion (Islam) against sex outside marriage. The main purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Malay female teens on the reasons for their involvement in premarital sex. The study also examined the experiences of the teens with religion, particularly their religious upbringing, their attitudes toward religion and the role of religion in their involvement with premarital sex. Using the case study qualitative research method, two occasions of in-depth interviews were conducted with five Malay female teens who have been pregnant while attending school as a result of their engagement in consensual premarital sex. Results showed that there were several interrelated reasons for the involvement of Malay female teens in premarital sex which are teens own attitudes and personal characteristics (seeking worldly enjoyment, curiosity, rebellious, and strong desire for sex), parenting style and family characteristics (harsh parenting, lack of parental warmth and affection, poor parent-child communication, and lack of parental supervision), peer influence, romantic relationship, romantic partner influence, pornography, and lack of religious conviction. Clearly seen in the teens? accounts of the reasons for their involvement in premarital sex are the combination factors of environmental and the teens? own attitudes and personal characteristics. The findings also revealed that the teens? parents laid high emphasis on religion in their homes, the participants received good religious education, and they possess reasonable religious knowledge particularly on the commands and the prohibitions of the religion. Nevertheless despite all these, the teens exhibited poor attitudes toward religion whereby they did not obey much of the religious teachings and rarely performed the obligatory prayer though stressed by their parents. Hence, as far as religion is concerned the study?s findings demonstrated that religion was not an integral part of the lives of the Malay female teens who had had involved in premarital sex whereby religious matters did not rule their lives significantly. Based on the findings of the study, Islamic measures in dealing with teens? premarital sex were proposed.

The development of sports within the Malaysian sporting arena must be sustained in order to promote further growth and to achieve world-class status. In order to sustain the development in sports, there are various aspects that need to be taken into consideration besides introducing various mechanisms to improve the quality of performance of the athletes. At present the principal concern among the sporting community is that there are insufficient legal provisions providing for the protection of the rights of sportsperson. The Sports Development Act 1997 (Act 576) (referred as "SDA 1997") was passed in order to promote and facilitate the development and administration of sports in Malaysia. Development of sporting activities is dependant very much on the sportspersons themselves and if the welfare of the sportspersons is not taken care of, it may stultify development of sports in Malaysia. Thus, this dissertation seek to examine the problems faced by the sportspersons and to propose the necessary changes to improve the existing system in order to deliver better protection for the sporting community. The aims and objectives of this dissertation are to improve the existing legal measures promoting the protection of a sportspersons rights. Chapter one deals with the historical development of sports in Malaysia. Chapter two examines the contractual rights of a sportsperson and the shortcomings of the Malaysian system in providing the necessary protection for a sportsperson. Chapter three examines the extent of the tortious liability of a sports organisation in the event a sportsperson suffers injury in the course of representing the organisation in sporting events. Chapter Four examines the criminal liability of a sportsperson. Chapter Five examines the rights of a sportsperson guaranteed in the Federal Constitution. And chapter 6 is the concluding chapter where proposals for reforming the existing legislative measures are made.