This study aims to explain issues over which Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida differ in the field of tafsir (Islamic exegesis). The thesis is entitled the Issues over which Rashid Rida Differs with his own teacher, Muhammad Abduh in Tafsir Al-Manar: An Analytical and Critical Study. This study investigates in a practical way the method followed by the two sheikhs in Tafsir Al-Manar. Investigating the differing issues between the two sheikhs during their lives gives a clear picture of their approach. This study includes four chapters and a conclusion with special focus on the approach used by the two sheikhs, first in laying out the foundation to deal with the issues of disagreement in the field of Tafsir and the sciences of Quran, second in explaining different issues they disagree on by setting a systematic comparison in order to identify the points of agreement and disagreement between the two. The study also includes the historical backgrounds of the two sheikhs and the methods they use in the field of Tafsir. It also deals with their views on Islamic doctrine and jurisprudence. Likewise, the study discusses their views on revival, their outcry for reform, and their role in advocating for renaissance of the ummah. The study captures how the two sheikhs dealt and interacted with the pressing issues that the Muslim world was faced by during their lives. The researcher uses inductive method to explain the methods employed by Rashid Rida to criticise his teacher, the Grand Imam on the interpretation of some verses. Similarly, the researcher uses analytical approach to find out the rationale behind the disagreement that occurred between the teacher and his disciple, and to come to a scientific finding that defines the method of the two sheikhs and the issues over which they differ. The research concludes that the method employed by Muhammad Abduh and his disciple depends chiefly on reason, which led them to go against some sharia-based concepts .

The introduction of Islam to Indonesia necessitated the dissemination of knowledge regarding the Quran and its interpretation. Historical records indicate that in the 17th century CE, Sheikh Al-Fansuri authored a Malay-language Quranic exegesis titled Tarjuman Al-Mustafid. Later, in the 19th century CE, Sheikh Muhammad Hasbi Assiddiqi made significant contributions by writing a Quranic interpretation known as Tafsir Al-Majid An-Nur. Notably, both scholars hailed from the same region of Indonesia, Aceh. This research aims to examine the methodologies employed by these two scholars—Al-Fansuri and Assiddiqi— in addressing modern interpretative issues such as al-Mathur (transmitted traditions), Ra'y (opinion), Isra'iliyat (Israeli traditions), Ilmi (scientific), Bayani (rhetorical), and Lughawi (linguistic). Furthermore, the study explores their positions on gender-related matters, such as polygamy, women's participation in politics and work, and women's attire. The research employs an inductive approach to gather all relevant information concerning the interpretative methodologies of Al-Fansuri and Assiddiqi, as well as their views on women's issues. A comparative approach is used to analyze their interpretation methods and stances on the aforementioned topics. Finally, an analytical approach is adopted to critically discuss the findings, examining the scholars' positions on interpretation and women's logically and scientifically. The research concludes several findings, including that both scholars utilized similar methods in their interpretations, such as al-Mathur, Ra'y, Bayani, Lughawi, Fiqh (juridical), and Ilmi approaches. However, Sheikh Assiddiqi's stance on women's issues appears more stringent and explicit than Al-Fansuri’s. This discrepancy can be attributed to the different social and cultural contexts in which the scholars lived, with the needs and concerns of Assiddiqi's time influencing his more rigid positions on these matters, in contrast to the more flexible approach found in Al-Fansuri's work.