This study on anxiety involved 280 student respondents from 18 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur lower secondary schools that offer the Arabic Language as a foreign language. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of anxiety among the students learning the Arabic Language as a foreign language, particularly the Arabic speaking skill that they have acquired since primary school. Horwitz's FLCAS (Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale) was adapted to assess the levels of four types of anxiety, namely communication apprehension (CA), fear of negative evaluation (FNE), test anxiety (TA), and anxiety of the classroom (AC). This study further examined significant differences in CA, FNE, TA and AC related to speaking Arabic as a foreign language, based on two selected demographic variables, gender and age. This research is quantitative employing the FLCAS questionnaire to collect the data. The sample was selected using purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the respondents' anxiety level of all four variables (CA, FNE, TA, and AC) were high and the anxiety level did not show any significant differences in terms of gender or age. The findings could have implications for the Arabic language's teaching and learning process in the classroom and help school administrators, policymakers and the Ministry of Education understand anxiety among the Arabic Language as a Foreign Language students in Malaysia. In conclusion, anxiety in the Arabic Language as a Foreign Language subject does exist, especially in terms of speaking skill.

Kitchen safety in the industry primarily focuses on food safety procedures to prevent contamination and disease transmission, often neglecting the safety of workers during food preparation. This oversight extends into the education perspective and focuses on students in hospitality programs at Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. The hands-on educational style exposes students to various hazards, leading to concerns about student injuries if their safety knowledge is not effectively delivered by the trainers. To address these issues and enhance the delivery of kitchen safety knowledge, this research aims to develop a kitchen safety framework using Virtual Reality (VR) tailored for TVET institutions' hospitality programs. Embracing an innovative educational approach, this framework seeks to integrate technology to improve kitchen safety training. The study adopts the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) and Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) models to develop the framework, with four main objectives: (1) to identify the effectiveness of existing kitchen safety education in TVET programs, (2) to conduct a needs analysis for designing a VR-based educational framework for kitchen safety in TVET hospitality programs, (3) to formulate a VR-based kitchen safety framework for these programs, and (4) to validate this framework. A Design and Development Research (DDR) approach is used, starting with qualitative interviews with 12 informants, including TVET trainers, Safety and Health Officers (SHO), IT experts, and instructional designers (ID). The validation process involves 20 participants responding to a questionnaire to achieve expert consensus on the identified items. Thematic analysis of interview data results in six main constructs: Virtual Automation, Content Determination, Coaching Content, Virtual Assessment, Kitchen User Experience (K-UX), and Machine Learning for Feedback and Guidance. A limitation of this study is the difficulty in finding VR experts, as there are not many VR developers in the kitchen industry. Additionally, the researchers have limited IT knowledge, necessitating more advanced studies in IT to better explore data and develop a comprehensive framework. Lastly, insufficient data on kitchen safety, with most existing research focusing on food safety. For the implications, this study has the potential to evolve into a fully developed VR system, while serving as a valuable tool for assessing the readiness of educators to utilize VR in enhancing kitchen safety environments. It also provides a mechanism for evaluating and improving trainers' preparedness and confidence in adopting this innovative technology.

This study analyzed the motivational orientations in learning and academic achievement among high school students at Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah, Jakarta, Indonesia. It also examined the three dimensions of motivational orientations, namely mastery, performance, and performance-avoidant with other related variables, such as gender, age group, and abjlity group. The present research used a modified questionnaire from the established questionnaires developed by prominent researches in the field. The questionnaire was administered to 280 students from the selected forms in Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah. A 4-point Likert scale was used to measure the students' motivational orientations, and the aggregate score on the final examination for first semester 2002/2003 was used as indicators of students' academic achievement. One-way ANOV A and Pearson's Correlation tests were administered. This study found that the students of Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah were high in mastery orientation. It also revealed that there was a statistical significant difference between male and female students in performance-avoidant orientation as well as between Junior and Senior high school in mastery orientation. However, with regard to high and low ability group students, there were no statistical significant differences in all dimensions of motivational orientation. By using Pearson's Correlation test, this research indicated that there was a positive correlation between mastery orientation and academic achievement and also between performance orientation and academic achievement. However, perfonnance-avoidant orientation was negatively correlated. Finally, recommended implications for teachers and parents along with areas of future research were suggested.

This study investigates the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and self-efficacy among Kulliyyah of Human Sciences IIUM undergraduate students. It also attempts to identify the common self-regulated learning strategies that students use during their study and identify the level of self-efficacy. Lastly, it also investigates if there is a re1ationship between self-regulated ]earning strategies and self-efficacy with the variables of gender, CGPA and major. The study utilizes two questionnaires. The first measures self-regulated learning strategies and the second questionnaire measures students' level of self-efficacy. A stratified random sampling was used to se1ect 293 undergraduate students from the Ku1liyyah of Human Sciences. Descriptive statistics, correlational ana1ysis and cross tabulation are used to analyze the data. Findings provide evidence that respondents frequently use some strategies like "keeping records and monitoring", "reviewing texts, notes and test" in their study with the majority of the students being at the moderate ]eve] of self-efficacy. The study also shows that there is a significant relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and self-efficacy. As for gender and CGPA they did not correlate significantly with self-regulated learning strategies, while major has significant relationship with self-regulated learning strategies. Finally, there is no significant relationship between self-efficacy and variables of gender and CGP A. In contrast, the ]eve] of self-efficacy has a significant relationship with majors.

Frog Virtual Learning Environment (Frog VLE) has been introduced in Malaysian schools. This is a comparatively new addition in the Malaysian Education System and its implementation had a positive impact on teaching and learning practices. Nonetheless, recent studies on VLE predominantly focuses on teacher and students’ readiness and perceptions, and there is limited research focusing on teachers’ attitudes towards this technology, especially in primary education. Hence, this present research attempts to discover teachers’ attitudes towards their actual use of the Frog VLE platform. Besides, it is aiming to identify the current trend of the VLE’s actual use among primary school teachers of Gombak district. Moreover, the study explores the relationship between teachers’ attitudes towards Frog VLE, its actual use and its relationship on teachers’ teaching performance. In order to conduct the study, a quantitative survey was carried out among the primary school teachers in Gombak District. The researcher had used the stratified sampling technique to choose the participants where 392 respondents have undertaken the survey. Descriptive analysis was used to address the first research question, “What is the current trend of Frog VLE’s actual use among primary school teachers in Gombak District?" and the second research question, “To what extent do teachers show their acceptance of Frog VLE in their teaching practices?” whereas Pearson’s Product – Moment Correlation test was employed to the third, “Is there any relationship between teachers’ attitudes toward Frog VLE’s and its actual use?” and the fourth research questions, “Is there any relationship between teachers’ actual use of Frog VLE, and their teaching performance?”. The findings of the study show that there is a significant relationship between teachers’ attitudes and Frog VLE’s actual use as well as the teaching performance. Thus, this study recommends active participation of teachers in utilising the Frog VLE environment in their teaching practice.

The issue of psychological trauma, particularly that arising in the aftermath of natural disasters such as earthquakes, is a significant concern in psychology. Treating these traumas, especially exploring novel techniques like walking backward, has attracted considerable interest from researchers and practitioners. This research investigates the effect of directed walking backward on components of psychological trauma (specifically, images of the traumatic event and earthquake experiences) and the consequent changes in sleep, flashbacks, and emotions associated with the 2023 earthquake in Turkey, particularly among general education students in Antakya. The study aims to examine the impact of walking backward on various facets of trauma, including the vividness of traumatic memories, sleep disturbances, and the emotional well-being of the affected students. Employing a case study approach, data were collected through personal interviews with 12 participants: 3 from elementary school, 3 from middle school, and 6 from secondary school. Additionally, parents' observations regarding external changes in sleep and emotions were gathered. The results indicate significant improvements in students' sleep, characterized by longer, undisturbed sleep, and enhanced emotional stability, marked by decreased anxiety, increased joy, and improved social engagement. Furthermore, a notable decrease in both the frequency and intensity of flashbacks was observed, affording students greater control over distressing memories. This study contributes theoretically by deepening the understanding of managing psychological trauma in educational settings. Practically, it offers educators and mental health practitioners a low-tech, easily implementable intervention. The findings support the integration of such non-invasive methods into school-based mental health support programs at a policy level. Future research could focus on the broader applicability of this methodology and its efficacy across different demographics and trauma-related conditions. Keywords: Walking Backwards, Psychological Trauma, 2023 Turkey Earthquake, Sleep, Flashback, Emotions, PTSD.

Most libraries nowadays have a collection of digital objects for organizing, storing, and retrieving the files and media contained in library collection. Digital Library is regarded as one of the recent developments in Library and Information Science, which help its user to seek information through the web browser. Digital Library is organized assortment of information, with its supported services and a place where the information is kept in digital format and can be retrieved over a network. Since last one-decade, researchers are focusing on the users of Digital Library to develop on a more efficient and effective system to provide quality service to users. The study aims at investigating the management of IIUM digital library, types of digital library services accessed by postgraduate students in IIUM Gombak, level of its utilization and patterns of utilization of IIUM library services based on gender, mode of study and Kulliyah. A quantitative approach has been adopted to answer the study's research questions and objectives. A survey questionnaire has been distributed over to 351 postgraduate students in IIUM, and analyzed using statistical methods in SPSS. Overall, the findings of the study indicate satisfaction with the management of the IIUM digital library. Furthermore, Online Databases appears to be the most popular digital service accessed by IIUM students. However, the students' utilization of digital library services in IIUM is considered low. In addition, the findings indicate no difference in the pattern of utilization of IIUM digital library services in term of gender, mode of study and Kulliyah.

abstract not provided.