النقد السياسي في الشعر الأندلسي في عصر ملوك الطوائف والـمرابطين

Abstract

This research aims to study the political criticism of Andalusian poetry in the ages of Tawaef and Murabiteen in Andalusia. The study begins by referring to the general attributes of the criticizing politics poetry among the Arab, Then sheds light on the historical roots of political criticism in Arabic literature among the Andalusians. This research will look at three aspects of political criticism in the poetry of the Arabs and Andalusians; Firstly, the research finds that the most important causes for political criticism in this era are: religious, political, and economical reasons. Secondly, the poems aimed at many. However, the main target for those poets were the kings, sultans and those who were at the top of the political pyramid, along with the ministers, governors, judges, scientists and others. The research explains the most important features that characterize those targeted separately. Thirdly, the research points out the positive and negative aspects of performing these poems. Finally, this study, explains how the poets and other persons were affected by this type of which critical of politics and politicians. Besides this, it describes the very expensive price which the poets paid as a result of their poems. The research did not depend on one approach, but adopted the integrated approach to research; sometimes using the historical, descriptive and other aesthetic or psychological approaches. The research cites the topics of the research with examples of their poetry, and it mentions the most important characteristic of the poetry, and explaines the most important technical features. This study yields many results and one of the most important findings of the research is that the Andalusian poets were not always arrogant to the kings. They obeyed them and were blinded by their shortcomings. Some poets criticized their politicians and rulers when they assaulted them or their society, and some of them faced the politicians with their mistakes whatever the cost was.