العقد الاجتماعي والسياسي في الخلافة الراشدة والتطبيقات المعاصرة

Abstract

This study aims at identifying the extent to which the socio-political contract in Europe contributes to the change and transfer of the backward society to the community of freedom and justice, in comparison with the impact of Madinah document, Qur’an legislation that governs human relations and the system of changing Bedouin society to the legislative community, by examining the concepts of the contracting system in the social contract at the time of the Great Caliphate, and the applications of the contemporary contract that established the International governmental and non-governmental institutions. The research therefore sheds the light on the period of the Great Caliphate as a more practical and comprehensive application of the terms of the social and political contract that was subsequently emerged in Europe. Hence, the study evolves around three major areas: period of the emergence of social contract in European society, Great Caliphate society and contemporary international institutions. The research as well presents the solution by proposing the adoption of the constitution and legislation from Qur'an and Sunnah, while the practical application will be taken from the social contract. The researcher uses the inductive method to collect data, the analytical and descriptive approaches to examining the data, while the comparative and critical approaches applied to derive the similarities and differences between the both social and Islamic Legislative Contracts. The researcher reaches some conclusions, among which the major one is the need of mankind to the specific rules of dealing with oneself and the life, that will be taken from the legislation of Islam which is Quran and Sunnah, and applied by the mechanisms of the social contract. Therefore, the researcher recommends the introduction of a new humanitarian document, with the adoption of international references representing human civilizations and integrating them into a document such as the Ten Commandments and issuing the Global Citizenship Document by adopting a set of international constitutions.