فن البديع في جزئي تبارك وعم: دراسة تحليلية بلاغية

Abstract

The Holy Qur’an is the sacred word of Allah the Almighty and His inseparable connection to humankind in conveying inimitability (I’jaz) elements in various aspects as well as the ultimate guidance for the universe. This research would be one of many Qur’anic studies which explore the aesthetic of embellishment (al-badi’) in the Qur’an that focuses on hidden beauty in its rhetorical phrases by highlighting off their essences and proofs. It also touches upon numerous styles employed for human discourse and attempts to discover the underlying mechanisms of beautifying the rhetorical features (al-muhassinat al-bad’iyyah) in the Qur’an though limited to both parts (juz’) of Tabaraka and ‘Amma. The reason behind this selection of the two is due to the lack of comprehensive badi’ studies on these parts (juz’) where most of the previous attempts only concentrate on some aspects without in-depth research and analysis. The researcher has based this Qur’anic study on inductive and analytical approaches by analyzing two major categories of embellishment namely the lexical embellishment (al-muhassinat al-lafziyyah) and semantic embellishment (al-muhassinat al-ma’nawiyyah). The researcher has exhausted various resources from rhetorical books and studies in the form of theses and journals. The study took advantage of Qur’anic exegesis (tafasir) which focus on rhetorical studies such as Tafsir al-Kasshaf of al-Zamakhshari, Dala’il al- I’jaz and Asrar al-Balaghah of ‘Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, Majaz al-Qur’an of Abi ‘Ubaydah Ma’mar al-Muthanna, Ma’ani al-Qur’an of Abi Zakariyya al-Farra’, Ta’wil Mushkil al-Qur’an of Ibn Qutaybah, Tafsir Mafatih al-Ghayb of al-Fakhr al-Razi, and Tafsir fi Ẓilal al-Qur’an and al-Taswir al-Fanni fi al-Qur’an of Sayyid Qutb. Some relevant references on the inimitability of Qur’anic discourse (I’jaz al-Qur’an) by prominent rhetoricians such as al-Khattabi, al-Rummani and al-Wasiṭi as well as other contemporary references were also exhausted for this study. Consequently, the research successfully shows that the lexical and semantic embellishments employed in the Qur’an have contributed to the semantics and meaning of Qur’anic verses in addition to its role in exploring the essence of inimitability and rhetoric of Qur’an in general and both parts (juz’) of Tabaraka and ‘Amma in particular. The research then concludes that the lexical and semantic embellishments are not supplementary to the artistic form of the Qur’an which could be taken for granted, but essentially charged as the rhetorical devices that embody the rhetorical and aesthetic of the Qur’an as a whole.