الفتاوى السياسية عند " نهضة العلماء " بإندونيسيا : دراسة مقاصدية تقويمية

Abstract

This dissertation aims to discuss the political fatwas issued by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) as the largest social and religious organization in Indonesia, even in the world, in the light of the objectives of Islamic Law (Maqaṣid Shari'ah). It was established by one of the Indonesian founding fathers, Hadratus Syaikh Muhammad Hasyim Asy’ari, under the guidance of Syaikhona Muhammad Kholil al-Maduri, on January 31, 1926. It uses an inductive approach as the research methodology, with Maqaṣid Shari'ah as the analytical approach. Nahdlatul Ulama itself has a special body to observe and discuss issues on ideology, jurisprudence, mysticism, economics, and politic, called Lajnah Bahtsul Masail Nahdlatul Ulama (LMB NU). In this dissertation, the researcher focuses on political fatwas. The fatwas clarify that NU is concerned with the Maqāṣid Sharīcah based on the principle that the leader’s policies must be in line with civil society's benefits. Some fatwas even clearly show how NU puts so much attention on the five basic principles of Maqaṣid Shari'ah: protection of religion, life, mind, lineage, and property. This dissertation concludes that NU political fatwas issued in either Muktamar or National Conferences particularly emphasize four types of protection: protection of individuals, family, society, and humanity.