منهج الإمام البدر العيني في نقد المتون من خلال كتابه "عمدة القاري : "دراسة تحليلية نقدية لنماذج مختارة

Abstract

The science of text criticism is considered one of the most important sciences in the present age. The book of “ʿUmdat al-Qari Sharh Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari” by Imam Badr ad-Deen al-'Ayni is regarded as one of the important books of explaining hadiths as it explains the hadiths of Imam al-Bukhari’s “al-Jami’ as-Sahih” which is the most authentic book of hadith; this is why the researcher chose this book to be the subject of her research. This study aims to refute the claim that the former scholars gave credence to the chain of narrators but not the text by studying the history of the science of text criticism. Also, it aims at to explore Imam Al-Aini's methodology in criticizing the texts in his book, ʿUmdat al-Qari so that it answers about the problematic hadiths of Sahih Al-Bukhari. The purpose of studying Imam al-'Ayni's methodology in criticizing texts is to benefit from it in identifying the right way to criticize texts. The researcher employed several approaches in this study: The first is the historical approach, in tracking the developments that the science of text criticism has undergone, as well as in examining the historical pages of Imam al-'Ayni. The second is the inductive approach, in collecting scientific materials related to the science of textual criticism and what is related to Imam al-'Ayni and his book ʿUmdat al-Qari and tracking the hadiths contained in the book ʿUmdat al-Qari. The third is the deductive analytical approach, which analyses what Imam Al-Aini criticized in the texts of hadiths, then extracts his criteria and method in criticizing the texts. The fourth is the critical approach, which is in criticizing Imam al-'Ayni’s approach to criticizing texts by comparing his opinions with the opinions of other scholars. The researcher arrived at several significant findings. Chief among them is that one of the most frequently employed methods of textual criticism by Imam al-'Ayni in ʿUmdat al-Qari is his systematic effort to reconcile apparently conflicting ḥadiths and uphold all relevant narrations wherever possible. In his commentary on Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari, when he encounters a ḥadith that appears problematic—either due to its seeming contradiction with the Qur’an, the authentic Sunnah, scholarly consensus (ijma'), established companion reports (mawquf), sound reasoning, or verified historical facts—he undertakes a thorough examination of the narration in light of these authoritative sources, striving to harmonize the texts to the fullest extent. In jurisprudential matters, Imam al-'Ayni consistently prioritizes the views of the Ḥanafi school, deviating from them only in rare instances. When reconciliation between conflicting ḥadīths proves unattainable, he applies the principle of abrogation (naskh). Moreover, if a conflicting narration is weak or flawed, he rigorously identifies its defects and dismisses it accordingly.