جذور الصراع العربي الفارسي في الخليج : خلفياته التاريخية وتداعياته السياسية

Abstract

This study aims to identify the importance that the "Arabian Gulf" represents for the peoples of the region in various areas of life and throughout the ages. The Arabian Gulf is distinguished by its strategic location, which made it the focus of the ambitions of colonial countries since the dawn of history. The Arab Gulf region on the outskirts of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries represented a great tribal alliance that included the lands of the Arab coast from the Qatar peninsula and the islands of the Bahrain archipelago to Ras Al Hadd, and in the north the coast of Lorestan. And a number of islands, including the islands of Qeshm and Hormuz, and Hormuz was the administrative and economic center of this alliance. As for the "Arabian Gulf" designation, it was given by the Romans, including the Roman historian Pliny Pliny the Younger in the first century AD. This name has been known since pre-Islamic times to the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and its environs; That is, the naming of the Arabian Gulf is not modern, and it did not appear with the emergence of the Arab Nasserite tide in the fifties of the twentieth century, as some of them repeat incorrectly, but it is much older than that. The candidate has followed a methodology based on the historical approach. This has meant thoroughly historical as well as documentary material. The references used include primary as well as secondary sources. The most important of them: that the Gulf derives its importance, strength, and strategic and economic value due to its distinguished geographical location. The Gulf region has also enjoyed great importance in the international political balance, since the fifteenth century until now. Which led to the competition of the major powers to colonize the region and extend their influence and complete control over the Arabian Gulf. In addition, the names of the Gulf have varied throughout history, and perhaps the most important of them are the Near Sea or the Murr, the Sea or the Gulf of Persia, the Arabian Sea or the Gulf, and the Green Sea. Hence, Iran’s allegations that the Gulf has been known throughout time only as the “Persian Gulf” are incorrect, and that it seeks perhaps behind this repeated insistence to call it the Persian to its desire to dominate and control the Gulf, Expand its influence on it completely, and obliterate the Arab identity, especially if we know that the naming is of great importance, given that the names carry with it meanings and dimensions that may be political or civilized. The Shah's expansionist and arrogant policy and his rush in the armament program led to the deterioration of Arab-Iranian relations.