الأسماء والأحكام عند ابن حزم وموقفه من مقالات المتقدمين وأثرها في الفرق والتيارات الفكرية الحديثة : دراسة تحليلية مقارنة

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the chapter on Appellations and Rulings (al-Asmaʾ wa-al-Aḥkam) as articulated by Ibn Hazm al-Ẓahiri in his work Al-Faṣl fi al-Milal wa-al-Araʾ wa-al-Niḥal. This library-based study employs an analytical methodology to present Ibn Hazm’s theological views and a critical-comparative approach to evaluate and contextualise them within the views of other sects. A primary motivation for selecting this topic is the absence of a prior comprehensive study of Appellations and Rulings according to Ibn Hazm. The research seeks to discuss and evaluate Ibn Hazm's opinions in this area, comparing them with the views of earlier scholars and examining the extended influence of some of their views on certain contemporary sects. The research is structured into six chapters: The first chapter presents the research plan. The second chapter offers an introduction to Ibn Ḥazm and his work, Al-Faṣl fī al-Milal wa-al-Araʾ wa-al-Niḥal. The third chapter delves into Ibn Hazm’s concept of Faith (Iman). The fourth chapter is devoted to examining Ibn Hazm’s understanding of Disbelief (Kufr). The fifth chapter examines the concept of Transgression (Fisq) in Ibn Hazm's view. The sixth chapter addresses the rulings on people in the Hereafter (Akhirah) according to Ibn Hazm, in comparison with the doctrines of other sects (firaq). The research concludes with several key findings, notably that Ibn Ḥazm did not formulate a distinct theological school (madhhab) of his own. Instead, he aligned himself with the tradition of the Companions (Ṣahabah), the Successors (Tābi'in), and the scholars of Hadith (Ahl al-Hadith). However, he permitted independent reasoning (ijtihad) in matters of creed (ʿaqidah), which led to his numerous unique selections and opinions. In summary, he was correct on some issues and excelled in refuting opponents, particularly his rebuttals of the Muʿtazilah and the Khawarij concerning the ruling on the perpetrator of major sins (murtakib al-kabirah). Certain contradictions emerge in Ibn Hazm’s positions on specific issues, notably in his doctrine concerning the definition of Faith (Iman). He also espoused certain weak opinions that diverged from the consensus of the majority of scholars (jumhur), such as his view permitting rebellion against a Muslim ruler.