Bangladesh has a long history of Christian missionary activities lasting around 500 years. The dramatic rise of Christianity every year and the popularity of Christian missionary activities in Bangladesh are causing tension in society as Muslims perceive the phenomenon as a threat to the understanding and practice of their religion and culture. Thus, this research aims to study the historical background of the Christian mission in Khulna Division, identifying the significant areas of activity that Christian missionaries apply for conversion. Similarly, the research investigates how Muslim du’at and Hindu priests in Khulna have responded to Christian missionary activities. The research adopted a qualitative method that incorporates extensive textual analysis. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Interviews were carried out with Muslim du’at and Hindu religious leaders. The secondary data were sourced mainly from relevant books, documents, articles, theses, dissertations, seminar and conference papers, journals, reliable websites, newspapers, and social media. Two different methods were utilized for the data analysis, namely descriptive and analytical techniques. The findings of the research revealed that there are five key factors influencing religious conversion: socio-economic factors; psychological and emotional appeals; education and interfaith dialogue; government policies and support from the legal infrastructure; and misinformation about religious texts. In addition to that, this research analysed the attitudes of Hindu religious leaders towards Hindu conversion to Christianity. Likewise, the research discovered the strategies to contain Muslim conversion to Christianity as follows: da'wah, which includes training programs for Muslim du’at, producing and distributing da’wah literature, promoting knowledge of comparative religion, expanding discussions on Islam’s superiority; educational initiatives; social awareness about missionary activities; community outreach programs; and service-oriented programs. The researcher concluded that Muslim du’at and scholars should take proactive measures in propagating Islam as a whole. In addition, practising Muslims should promote social development projects such as education, medical services, poverty alleviation, relief and rehabilitation, and other measures that will prevent Muslims from being enticed by Christian missionary propaganda in this regard.

This study seeks to revitalize the stagnating Islamization movement by focusing on a critical dimension: the Islamization of education. It traces the philosophical nature of Islamic education and compares its aspects with an Islamized curriculum of Unity International School, Islamabad. Drawing from the works of Syed Naquib Al-Al-Attas, and supplemented by the ideas of Muhammad Iqbal, Abul Ala Mawdudi, and Imam Ghazali, the study examines how these aspects of educational philosophy can inform practical curriculum design. Using document analysis, portions of the curriculum of Unity International School (obtained mostly through online channels) is analysed as a case study to evaluate its alignment with the covered Islamic educational philosophies. The Tarbiyah Project of Dawud Tauhidi which is theoretical framework for Islamic curriculum development is also included in the analysis of UIS’ curriculum. Specifically, it is analysed whether aspects of the educational philosophies and the Tarbiyah Project are reflected adequately in the curriculum. For curriculum evaluation, Tyler’s Objectives Model of Evaluation is chosen. The findings reveal significant progress in integrating Islamic values and fostering holistic development within the school's indigenously developed portion of the curriculum with respect to the presented Islamic educational philosophies and the Tarbiyah Project. However, issues such as gaps in Islamization due to a mix of secular and Islamized textbooks, exclusion of important concepts and missing elements in the overall nature of the curriculum were identified. This research contributes to the discourse on Islamization of education by highlighting practical achievements and providing recommendations for improving Islamic curriculum development at UIS. Keywords: Islamic educational philosophy, holistic education, curriculum

This thesis examines the Muslim online response to Macron’s 2020 speech on Islam in a bid to deconstruct the Islamophobic discourse prevalent in Western mainstream media. In October 2020, French President Macron made an incendiary speech where he claimed Islam was a religion ‘in crisis’. The global media subsequently portrayed Muslims as reacting to Macron’s speech in a violent fashion, with many media outlets streaming video clips of violent protests by Muslims in Africa and the Indian subcontinent, amongst other places. This study charts an original methodology to the study of Muslim global opinion by incorporating big data analysis within an Islamic civilizational framework. Macron’s 2020 speech is placed into the historical background of France’s complicated relation with the Muslim world. This is followed by an analysis of major mainstream news outlets and how they portrayed the ummatic backlash against Macron. This will be supplemented by a multilingual big data analysis of selected Muslim responses and a topography of global Muslim opinion. By contrasting the thematics that the Western Media associate with Muslim response, and the actual data of Muslim respondants, it will be demonstrated how radically different both presentations are. This research aims to show how greater accuracy in detailing the ummatic discourse can deconstruct stereotypes about the Muslim world in the media. This research can contribute to a more robust dialogue and debate between the Muslim world and the Western world. Also, the novel methodology used will support an increased awareness on the importance of using big data on issues traditionally discussed within Islamic studies.

The purpose of this study is threefold. First, it seeks to investigate the contributing factors that led to the emergence of Islamophobia, particularly in post-communist Albania between 1991 and 2024. It examines multiple factors, namely domestic, regional, geopolitical and ideological factors, in addition to the role of the ruling leadership in Albania. Second, the study also seeks to analyse the impact of Islamophobia on Muslim women in Albania, in order to understand the extent of the impact on their identity as Muslims. Third, it explores how Muslim women navigate the challenge of Islamophobia while remaining committed to their religious values and identity. Using an in-depth interview, questionnaire, and library research, the study found that first, Muslim women did have encounters with Islamophobia in various degrees, from subtle micro-aggression to direct physical assaults. Second, various factors were identified as contributing to this phenomenon, including socio-political factors, given that Albania is situated at the centre of Europe, a predominantly Christian continent. Communist ideology, which was part of Albania’s national identity and history, also contributed to the formation of Islamophobia in that context. Third, the study also found that Islamophobia has a substantial impact on Muslim women in Albania, affecting their well-being. Lack of legislation to combat Islamophobia also contributes to the intensity of the problem. Thus, the study suggests that combating Islamophobia necessitates political will and accountability, the role of media, a legislative approach, and a public awareness campaign to demonstrate Islam’s compatibility with European state-building principles. Keywords: Albanian Muslim Women, Post-Communist Albania, Islamophobia

The study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of the Islamic Moral System Module (IMSM) on undergraduate students at Balkh University, Afghanistan, from 2017 until 2020. The module introduced by the Ministry of Higher Education aims to train the young generation of Afghans in nation-building for the future of Afghanistan. The module inculcates the mainstream values of the Afghan people rooted in moderation, diversity and mutual respect, and peaceful coexistence. However, the main problem with the IMSM is that the module has been implemented in Afghan universities for a long time, and an assessment is needed to see the effectiveness of the program given the fact that it has never been reviewed since then. The study employs a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods and data collection is from 650 Balkh University lecturers and students. The survey results showed that most respondents agreed that the module positively impacts the spiritual, intellectual, academic, social, and behavioural aspects of their life. However, the respondents also suggest improvements on the module, particularly its contents to suit the current needs, and the physical aspects such as layout and presentation to make it more reader-friendly and understandable.

Social media is a source of mass communication all over the world. Social media platforms have a growing importance in our lives since they are the places where we “showcase” our living experiences. They also reflect a variety of dimensions regarding our position in the virtual and physical social life. Social media is an online platform which people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections. Social networks have a significant influence on these younger generations. The fact that social networks are now an essential component of people's digital lives is becoming increasingly clear over time. People are open to adopting different lifestyles because of technological advancements. Consequently, a considerable proportion of teenagers are checking their friends' and family's status changes and tweets pertaining to their social media accounts on their laptops, tablets, and smartphones. The moral values of Muslim youth today, however, have been called into question by several negative effects of social media, including those that encourage moral decadence, such as depression, anxiety, catfishing, bullying, terrorism, and criminal activities, such as character assassination, media violence, nudity, and pornographic films and videos. Bangladeshi Students, while seeking and concentrating on the web, get pulled into utilizing online networking locales and occasionally they overlook why they are using social media. Sometimes students are not able to deliver their work in the specified time frame as their time is wasted. Another issue due to social media effect in Bangladesh currently it has been observed that many students are moving away from Islamic culture and are attracted to western culture. The problem arises when the users of social media commit cybercrimes besides using this only as a tool of communication in Bangladesh. Based on these facts, the main objective of this study is to analyse the impact of social media on the young generation in Bangladesh. The study employs a qualitative approach and makes use of secondary and primary data, secondary sources such as journal articles, books, magazines, and different websites. The researcher collected primary data through a sample questionnaire, interview from 323 samples from public University students, located at Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Finally, solutions to demoralization and de-realization can be realized by involving ideas and collaborating with the government to generate innovative rules such as media literacy and many more. As much as the reviewer’s knowledge is concerned, societies are using social media in religious institutions, political meetings, in academic settings in the classroom while teachers are even teaching. In general, Bangladesh Muslim society from the root level to the government all need to work to save our culture from this media, especially unethical attitude of Facebook. Key Words Facebook, Islamic culture, young generation, social media, Bangladesh.

Nasir al-Subḥani was an outstanding scholar of Islamic sciences, to whom his teachers and peers testified his profound erudition and accurate understanding of religious texts. After receiving his scientific license, he embarked on his intellectual career to spread Islamic sciences and correct misconceptions, relying on the Qur’an and the prophetic Sunnah with renewed understanding. Al-Subhani was influenced by the knowledge of his professors and the books of reformers, which broadened his perception and deepened his vision in addressing the issues of his society. His thought was marked by an insightful vision of the social and political problems that faced his society, including injustice, tyranny and backwardness. These issues contributed to the formation of his intellectual personality, as he presented innovative theses that combined Islamic originality and the requirements of the Times. His lectures and books always carried new ideas and boldness in putting forward. In politics, Nasir al-Subḥani was a prominent figure before the Iranian Revolution, playing a role in mobilising the masses and directing public opinion towards revolutionary goals based on Sharia. However, his influence declined after the success of the revolution as a result of internal political pressures, which ultimately led to his arrest and death; yet he remained a symbol of reform and intellectual resistance. In his vision of the family and society, Al-Subhani emphasised the balance between men and women according to their innate nature, as he believes that the integration between them enhances the stability of the family and society. He addressed the issues of marriage, guardianship, divorce and polygamy with a fair and balanced perspective, stressing the importance of justice and responsibility in every relationship. His intellectual discourse was focused on holistic concepts and substantive issues rather than being preoccupied with doctrinal details, reflecting his deeply analytical nature. Nasir al-Subḥani combined thought and reality in his presentation, making him one of the most prominent thinkers who sought to renew Islamic thought and strengthen its role in facing the challenges of the era. The study employs an inductive and analytical approach to examine Al-Subḥani’s contributions to family studies, utilising data collection, textual analysis, and critical evaluation. It also compares his views with contemporary scholars to clarify complex family issues.