Browsing by Author "Nur Hadirah Hanim Abu Bakar"

This study aimed to analyze common words and expressions used by Arab debaters in Arabic language debates, with a focus on identifying the appropriate vocabulary for the themes of the issues raised and the appropriate expressions for the different speaking purposes in Arabic debates. The research relied on a content analysis methodology to examine six videos representing the final rounds of the Arabic-language debate tournaments using Sketch Engine. The substantive analysis methodology was also used to categorize words according to the themes of the issues of politics, economics, socials and classifying expressions according to the speaking purposes specified in the debates. 20249 words were analysed, including 14,774 nouns and 5,475 verbs, in addition to 6,519 expressions. Results showed that 289 nouns were used more than 8 times with an average of 8.14, such as the words “state”, “team”, and “speaker”, while 118 verbs were used 8 times more frequently with an average of 8.40, such as the words “was”, “said” and “did”. Additionally, 29 expresssions has also been identified as a common expression that is used more than 20 times with an average calculation of 20.37, such as the phrases “government team”, “opposition team”, and “great powers”. The research provided lists of nouns and verbs most commonly used on themes of basic issues, such as politics, economics and socials, as well as a list of most appropriate expressions for speech purposes identified in the Arab debates such as defining the issue, building the case, presenting arguments, point of information (POI), rebuttal, and delivering reply speech. These results provide a valuable reference for understanding the linguistic patterns prevailing in the Arabic debates and supporting debaters in improving their linguistic performance.