Browsing by Author "Nor Hafizah binti Zakaria"

Breeders are still searching for the adapted accessions of vegetable soybean to be cultivated under Malaysian environment. Finding diverse accessions will assist in developing more adapted accessions. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the field performance of 14 vegetable soybean accessions introduced from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan. The experiments were conducted using Three Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at two different locations representing two different soil types. The locations were; the mineral soil of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Glasshouse experimental field and the beach ridges interspersed swales (BRIS) soil of Institute Oceanography and Maritime Studies Research Station (IRS) Kuantan, Pahang. The traits including pod yield, number of pods per plant, number seeds per plant, days to emergence, days to flowering, days to harvest and plant height were evaluated. The ultimate objective of the study is to identify potential accessions for planting under Malaysian climatical condition. In addition, genetic diversity assessment was done to study the ISSR polymorphism among the 14 vegetable soybean accessions. Lastly, the protein expression was analyzed to detect the differentially expressed proteins in selected vegetable soybean accessions grown at both locations. The result showed that IIUMSOY1 was the most adapted accession under both mineral and BRIS soils. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the location, accession and year effects had the significant differences for all the measured traits. The interactions between accession and location revealed significant differences for all measured traits except for days to emergence. The location also interacted significantly with the year for all traits. Pearson's correlation was run to determine the relationship between the yield and yield components among the 14 accessions. The strongest and positive relationship was detected between number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant (0.971**) whereas the weakest relationship was observed between days to emergence with number of pods per plant (-0.251**). Pod yield also correlated positively with protein content at mineral soil. For the molecular analysis, the percentage of polymorphism was 42.50%, which was moderate diversity. Meanwhile, ISSR marker analysis also revealed five major clusters through a phylogenetic tree construction with the similarity coefficient values varying from 0.34 to 0.81. Genetic patterns obtained from ISSR analysis can be helpful to assist in the selection of materials for future breeding. The protein profiling detected 10 differentially expressed proteins in IIUMSOY1, IIUMSOY11 and IIUMSOY14 grown at both soils. The identified proteins were responsible for storage, flavonoid metabolism, protein modification, stress, carbohydrate metabolism and respiratory chain. Findings from this study could assist the soybean breeders in varietal development, crop improvement and breeding programme in Malaysia.

This study was aimed to determine the growth and survival of fingerlings of Tor tambroides by using phototrophic bacteria. Phototrophic bacteria Marichromatium sp. (IIUM-JHM1 and IIUM-JHM2) were isolated from the mangrove sediments, Kuantan Pahang. While Rhodopseudomonas sp. (IIUM-JHR1 and IIUM-JHR2) were collected from fish rearing tanks INOCEM, IIUM. The bacteria were cultivated and monitored by using 112 media under anaerobic light conditions at 2500-lux light intensity of continuous illumination of 60-watt tungsten bulb at 30±2°C. Total carotenoid contents and dry cell weight of the bacterial cells were compared from day 0 to day 5 using UV-VIS spectrometer. The results showed that IIUM-JHR2 produced the highest total carotenoid content (4.08mg/g) at day 3 while IIUM-JHM 1 produced the highest dry cell weight (3.83 g/L) at day 2. Bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid type were also determined using UV-VIS spectrometer and bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series were detected as photosynthetic pigments in all isolates. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (P<0.05) in dry cell weight among the isolates but no significant differences (P>0.05) detected for total carotenoid contents among the isolates. IIUM-JHR2 and IIUM-JHM1 were mass cultured, centrifuged and the fresh biomass were incorporated into commercial pellet. Group of 10 fishes were kept in each of 9 aquarium filled with 40 liters of aerated tap water for 10 weeks. Diet 1 (commercial diet + IIUM-JHR2), diet 2 (commercial diet + IIUM-JHM1) and diet 3 was the commercial pellet alone without the bacteria supplementation. Growth responses of fingerlings fed with the experimental diets were presented as mean weight gain, length increment, survival rate and specific growth rate and showed that diet 2 exhibited the best growth among the diets. Diet 2 yielded 1.22 cm in length increment, 4.92 g in weight gain with 0.49 % specific growth rate and 100 % survival rate. Diet 2 also showed the best FCR and PER, which was 1.79 and 0.14 respectively followed by diet 3 and diet 1. There were significant differences (P<0.05) of weight and length gain observed among the days with different diets. The proximate compositions of the feed and fish carcass showed that diet 2 and the fingerlings fed with diet 2 has highest nutritive contents than other diets as shown by the trend of higher protein content, moisture content, crude lipid, and dry matter. The findings of the study revealed that phototrophic bacteria could be utilized as fish supplement to enhance growth and nutritional contents of Tor tambroides and other aquaculture potential fishes in Malaysia.