Browsing by Author "Mustafa, Monawar Munjid"

It is reported that there are more than 100,000 industrially available dyes, with a production of almost 7-105 tons of dyes produced all over the world every year. Most of these dyes are categorized as Azo dyes which are extensively used as industrial raw materials. In this regard, this study investigates the removal of five Azo dyes; Congo red, Malachite green, Neutral red, Reactive Blue 19 and Direct Black 5, by biosorption using biomass and biosurfactant produced by liquid state fermentation of Klebsiella pneumoniae on to SPO as well as biomass produced by solid state fermentation of Panus tigrinus on to Cassave peel. All experiments were fully laboratory scale. Fungal biomass proved to be the best decolourizer amongst the three bioactive compounds where it removed 65.7, 57.3, 43.9, 49.1 and 20.7 % of Malachite green, Neutral red, Congo red, Direct black, and finally Reactive blue. The parameters for the removal of Reactive Blue were optimized using fungal biomass and the maximum removal percentage was 83.2 % obtained at 90 minutes, 50 mg/l and pH 2. Isotherm and kinetic study were also conducted and the results showed that the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm with a correlation coefficient of 0.932, which indicated that there is a homogeneous distribution of active sites on the biomass surface. The results obtained from the kinetic study indicated that the dye uptake process followed the pseudo second-order rate expression, with a correlation coefficient of 0.963, which suggested that chemisorptions might be the rate-limiting step which controlled the biosorption process.