Browsing by Author "Mohammed, Kamaran Luqman"

ABSTRACT This study examined the reality of feminist organizations in the Kurdistan region and their activities related to Islamic jurisprudence. It also explained their criticisms of Islamic jurisprudence to determine the extent of their validity and the implications of their demands in the Kurdistan region. The study achieves this by exploring the history of the emergence of this movement in the West, uncovering the underlying approaches and adopting philosophies as a cornerstone for criticizing jurisprudential rulings. The nature of the study required the adoption of inductive, analytical, comparative, and field approaches. These approaches were employed to trace and elucidate the factors that led to these organization's emergence, to identify their trends, and to demonstrate the intellectual philosophies they adopted. This aimed to understand the reality of the Kurdistan region and the status of women within it, and subsequently to assess and analyze the demands of these organizations from a jurisprudential perspective. This approach sought to directly take their opinions without intermediaries and biases, as required by the principles of fairness and impartiality. The study sample included a variety of feminist organizations and movements, both secular and Islamic. The results showed that the criticisms directed at Islamic jurisprudence stem from a lack of thorough understanding of this science. According to interviews conducted by the researcher, many female activists demonstrated limited knowledge of jurisprudential rulings. Therefore, most of their criticism comes from a superficial reading of books and magazines available to them. Thus, this study revealed that these women not only lack full knowledge and understanding of Islamic jurisprudence but also of feminist ideology and its dangers. Their defence of this movement stems from their ignorance of the ideas it adopted, and their criticisms of jurists are characterized by unfairness and lack of knowledge. It is impermissible to derive jurisprudential rulings with prior knowledge and expertise once the jurist possesses this knowledge. The study also revealed that these organizations have significantly influenced Kurdish society in general. Therefore, the study recommended the necessity of researching and investigating these organization's activities, due to the gravity and seriousness of the issues they focus on, and their consequential effects on society. Therefore, it is necessary to educate family members about the religious and national duties, and the need to inform the public opinion about the customs and traditions that have caused injustice against women.

The research aims to identify the most significant causes of the spread of drugs in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The researcher has conducted interviews with specialists and those who are concerned with this topic by offering them a set of questions and taking their opinions on them to reach the most suitable solutions and methods to combat this phenomenon. The researcher has adopted analytical and inductive approaches in this study. The first approach is used to study the opinions of writers, scholars and specialists from the Shariah and legal perspectives, while the second approach was used to review the books and studies connected to this topic. The research concludes that the proliferation of drugs has many causes and factors that increase the number of traffickers and addicts, day by day. Among these causes and factors are weakness of religious faith, school dropout, family problems, lack of good parenting, political parties and their disputes in the region, neighbouring Iran, acceptance of non-religious ideas from the West and secularists, government's negligence of what its people suffer from, lack of justice in the courts, failure to arrest influential merchants, poor prison conditions, drug access to prisoners and trafficking among them, and other reasons that made the drug an epidemic that most families suffer from and got disappointed with the treatment. This phenomenon contradicts with the purposes of Shariah; thus, Islam opposes it. The researcher has made some recommendations, including the amending the drug law, working to strengthen controlling apparatus, achieving justice in the courts, upholding the supremacy of the law uprooting root causes the phenomenon, by detaining trade merchants, re-applying the capital punishment on trade merchants, and building sanatoriums to accommodate drug users and addicts