Browsing by Author "Ishaq, Muhammad Awwal"

This research aims to study mutual political messages between the Umayyad ruling party and the opposition parties, the artistic and literary characteristics to those messages, and the biographies of famous writers and personalities of literature during the Umayyad period. After those messages were formalized, they were later named as the Sultanates; in some cases, they were addressed as public or private at different levels. Some subjects were related to the policy of the State of Umayyad, its rules and regulations, and the conduct of affairs of the society, its rulers, and the organization in relation to other countries. Political messages prosperously flourished during this period because many of those who wrote them had high eloquence and communiqué. Amongst the things that helped the emergence and development of these messages during that period were the continuation of conquests on the outskirts of the state and the multiplicity of Umayyad political parties including the Shiite party, the Khawarij party and the Zubayrien party as these parties had ongoing political conflicts among themselves. In addition, there were also differences between the princes of the Umayyad Caliphate and the state of the covenant mandate. The researcher employed the inductive, the analytical and the descriptive approaches to gain an accurate induction, analysis and description of these messages that encompassed all the political events that had helped to spread them during the Umayyad rule in a scholarly structure.