The concept of halal is based on the Hadith narrated by Imam Muslim “Allah is Pure and Takes Nothing except that which is Pure”. This is not limited to the consumable things but it relates to all activities of one’s life. Indeed, the life is given to each human for nothing but for worshipping Allah alone. Worship in Islam takes many different ways, which one of them is through the business and trading. Business itself is broken down into many different kinds, one of those which has become nowadays trend is Multi Level Marketing (MLM). MLM business is a business model that involves selling and recruitment of new distributors inside the company. Multi Level Marketing is seen to be good as it helps many people to achieve their dreams, but in contrary, it is observed as a medium of cheating that promises wealth to a few by oppressing the poor and uneducated ones. With its players reaching to 2 million in Malaysia since its establishment in early 1990s, MLM’s presence in the business industry should not be taken lightly.This factors include the system itself manufacturing, the distribution channels, the after-sales service, and the long-run vision of the company. By doing this, it is aimed that the doubtful or even the unlawful (haram) practice of MLM can be eliminated and abstained by the Muslim players and better MLM companies can be established, using proper S.O.P and guidelines. The objectives of the research are gained through the library method and interviews.

The halal food industry is one of the fastest growing economic sectors worldwide. This study emphasises the customer's intention when purchasing halal food items. Buying intention of consumers in North India, specifically Delhi, is studied by using the Principle of Expected Actions. The researcher based the literature review on the identified variables such as perception, subjective criteria, perceived behavioural control, and awareness among the Muslims in Northern India (Delhi), regarding the purchase of halal food products. After, the study will measure and identify the strongest factor affecting the consumers' purchase intention of halal food items. The study sample consists of more than 250 consumers in Delhi, and the data were collected via self-administered questionnaires to answer the research problem. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to define the structural relationships between the identified variables and test the research hypotheses. The study's findings indicated that purchase intention (PI) has a positive and significant impact on buying behaviour (BB), with the critical ratio for PI to BB is t 2.799, the p = 0.09. Additionally, awareness (AW) and buying behaviour has a positive and significant impact, with the critical ratio for AW to BB being t 10.250 at p = 0.00. While awareness and purchase intention significantly impact the critical ratio, the AW to the PI value was t 2.255 the p= 24. Interestingly, the results found that subjective norms relationship with purchase intention has a critical SN to PI ratio at t-3.013. Respectively, suggesting that the path was statistically significant at p= 0.003. At the same time, perceived behavioural control and attitude did not show a substantial association with the purchase intention of the consumers.

This thesis seeks to identify the factors affecting Muslims in Linxia, China, in their intention to purchase halal products and their buying behaviour. The global food market is concerned with food safety and its hygiene which is considered a worldwide issue. However, the business in China, concerning halal integrity or halal food industry, is significantly less. It happens as most people are unaware of the importance and existence of the halal food industry. If the awareness is low, their attitude will be the same way as people might have less opinion about it or even zero understanding. Interestingly, although the Muslim population in China is very few as it is not a Muslim majority country, Linxia has a Muslim majority population that practices the Islamic teachings. Linxia is well-known as The Little Mecca. Apprehending their situation resided among non-Muslim environments with the higher influence from surroundings, exploring their attitude and behaviour toward the halal food industry is thought-provoking. Therefore, this study was constructed to identify the attitude and purchase intention of Muslim Consumers in Linxia toward halal food products. The theory used to identify the factors is the Theory Plan Behaviour (TPB). The data was collected from 302 Muslim participants, and then it was further analysed using the SPSS software. The result depicted that the participants’ attitude is positively correlated with their purchase intention and buying behaviour of halal food products, and their purchase intention has a significant and positive impact on buying behaviour of halal food products.

The Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) has established the Traditional and Complementary Medicines Division (TCM) in February 2004. The Ministry has recognised Ḥijamah therapy as one of the traditional and complementary medicines practices under this division. Under TCM Act 2016, the MOH is the only authority to govern the policy and impose the ethical practice guidelines on Ḥijamah practitioners in providing safe and clinically proven services as the best. Ḥijamah is expected to be one of the drivers in the global Halal treatment industry in Malaysia. This research explores how Ḥijamah practitioners respond and adapt to the latest policy from the TCM Division by MOH. This study uses semi-structured interviews in order to collect the data. The informal interviews with the Ḥijamah practitioners will question Ḥijamah issues and the practitioners’ awareness and acknowledgement of the existence and importance of the TCM rules and guidelines. This data collection provides the basis for future study on the perception and expectations of Ḥijamah service delivery in the rapidly growing Muslim-friendly medical care sector. On the whole, this thesis act as an effort for the revival of the Prophetic Medicine and importance for the practitioners to adhere to these guidelines for ensuring that the Maqaṣid al-Shar'iah, which protect a patient’s life, intellect and property, are safeguarded. All of this is in accordance with the basic purpose of a Muslim’s life: to obtain Allah SWT’s blessings in all circumstances. Practising Ḥijamah for a living is one kind of worship to Allah, which has to be undergone in a way that Allah SWT blesses.