التنوع اللغوي الاجتماعي في اسلوب الخطاب النبوي : دراسة تحليلية في نماذج من أحاديث صحيح مسلم

Abstract

This thesis is an analytical study on the socio-linguistic variations in Prophetic discourse style based mainly on the Hadith from Sahih Muslim. Sociolinguistic variation study is based on the understanding that naturally there is variation in language; therefore, the focus is on the various ways used by the speakers in interactions for specific purposes. This study falls into sociolinguistic field which involves the study of language in its social and cultural contexts. Based on the fact that Prophetic discourse is a social discourse, among the requirements in the interpretation and understanding of the Prophetic discourse is by studying its contexts of situation or al-maqam. Therefore, this study adopts the ethnography of communication approach proposed by Dell Hymes, which emphasizes the importance of analysis and interpretation of linguistic phenomena by placing them in the social and cultural contexts during the time of the speech. In order to make a comprehensive description of the speech situation, the study applies Hyme’s description model of communicative situation which uses the acronym SPEAKING for the various relevant factors, as well as the Audience Design Theory by Allan Bell. The main focus of this study, therefore, is on analyzing various speeches containing linguistic patterns and styles that fulfill the same functions and linking these patterns and styles with the elements of the context of situation that primarily affect the variation. The study concludes that the variation of linguistic patterns and styles in performing the specific purposes is a regular phenomenon in the Prophetic discourse based on the social variation, whereby, in his speech the Prophet (peace be upon him) always took into account the diversity of social characters such as the background of the addressee, the role relationship, the cultural scene of the event and other elements related to the context of the situation. Finally, the study also emphasizes on the significance of applying the modern sociolinguistic approach in understanding and interpreting the prophetic texts. Sociolinguistic variation study is based on the understanding that naturally there is variation in language; therefore, the focus is on the various ways used by the speakers in interactions for specific purposes. This study falls into sociolinguistic field which involves the study of language in its social and cultural contexts. Based on the fact that Prophetic discourse is a social discourse, among the requirements in the interpretation and understanding of the Prophetic discourse is by studying its contexts of situation or al-maqam. Therefore, this study adopts the ethnography of communication approach proposed by Dell Hymes, which emphasizes the importance of analysis and interpretation of linguistic phenomena by placing them in the social and cultural contexts during the time of the speech. In order to make a comprehensive description of the speech situation, the study applies Hyme’s description model of communicative situation which uses the acronym SPEAKING for the various relevant factors, as well as the Audience Design Theory by Allan Bell. The main focus of this study, therefore, is on analyzing various speeches containing linguistic patterns and styles that fulfill the same functions and linking these patterns and styles with the elements of the context of situation that primarily affect the variation. The study concludes that the variation of linguistic patterns and styles in performing the specific purposes is a regular phenomenon in the Prophetic discourse based on the social variation, whereby, in his speech the Prophet (peace be upon him) always took into account the diversity of social characters such as the background of the addressee, the role relationship, the cultural scene of the event and other elements related to the context of the situation. Finally, the study also emphasizes on the significance of applying the modern sociolinguistic approach in understanding and interpreting the prophetic texts.